Event-related potentials (ERPs) are changes in brain activity that occur in response to specific stimuli or events. They are measured using electroencephalography (EEG) and are commonly used in neuroscience research to study cognitive processes such as attention, memory, and language processing. ERPs are characterized by their time-locked nature, with specific components of the ERP waveform reflecting different stages of cognitive processing. For example, the P300 component is often associated with attention and working memory tasks, while the N400 component is linked to language comprehension. Overall, ERPs provide a valuable tool for researchers to investigate the neural correlates of cognitive processes in both healthy individuals and clinical populations. By analyzing the timing and amplitude of ERP components, researchers can gain insights into how the brain processes information and responds to different stimuli.